Formally incorporate scenario planning into investment decision making that extends beyond the standard sensitivity analysis currently used in business case development.

Explore the use of Real Options Analysis (ROA) to support greater flexibility to deal with uncertainty, such as high impact and low frequency events.

Strengthen upfront thinking, sound problem definition and benefits realisation testing to ensure a range of compelling investment options that lead to intended benefits.

Require early engagement with industry on commercial viability and program deliverability (including market sounding) to inform options.

Ensure alignment of investment proposals with government strategies and outcomes in a measurable and evidence-based manner.

Review the methodology for estimating the appropriate discount rate to reflect current conditions.

Periodically review assumptions underpinning infrastructure planning and delivery, including accounting for uncertainties and disruptive events.